About the terminal:
The terminal is a window which helps you to interact with the shell.
To open the terminal use:
shift+contrl+T
(Here + means along with)
When you open the terminal, you will be in the Home folder.
To see the contents of the Home (or any folder on which you stay at present) folder:
"ls"
Note the style difference between file names and directory names on typing this command. Directory will be usually displayed in bold letters.
If you want to go inside a directory say, Documents:
"cd Documents"
(Here directory name is the name of the directory to which you want to go).
The path to a particular folder:
Suppose you want to go to a folder named "one" which sits inside a folder "two three" in the Documents folder [Documents - two three - one] use:
"cd /Documents/two \three/one"
Note: Note that names are case sensitive and splitted names have to be separated by spaces and "\" as in two \three
Now also you can type "ls" command to show what is inside the directory. The same thing can be done from Home itself, but you need to specify the path. That is
"ls /Desktop/Books"
will list the contents of the folder Books in the Desktop directory even when you stay at the Home.
Now if you want to come back slowly to Home folder you can consecutively use
"cd .."
which takes you one step back nearing to the home directory. or you can use
"cd"
or
"cd ~"
will take you to directly to the home directory.
Some variations:
"ls -a" will display hidden files also, inside the current directory.
"ls -l" will display all details like ownership, time of creation, size and all..
"file kpsc" will display the type of file of the kpsc file, i.e., pdf or zip etc..
To display the contents of files which can be opened as text files (pdf, word etc)
"less file_name"
A lot of contents will be displayed. so if you want to exit from being a viewer of the whole story, type "q"; Note that pageup, pagedown can be used to scroll.. "G" to go to end of the line.
To Open Various Types of Files
As we open files by double clicking (that asks the computer to use the default application to open the file), one can use:
"xdg-open file_name"
or
"gnome-open file_name"
To open "gmail" in a web browser "firefox":
"firefox gmail.com"
will open gmail using firefox. if firefox is already open, a new window will be opened in firefox.
To open pictures
"display pic.png"
or
"eog pic.png"
will open the file pic.png using ImageMagic or Image Viewer software, respectively.
To open pdf files:
"evince file.pdf"
or
"okular file.pdf"
will open the file.pdf using Document Viewer or Okular, if installed. (otherwise it will say that the program is not installed).
To open audio files,
"mpg123 file.mp3"
or
"rhythmbox file.mp3"
will play the audio file file.mp3 using mpg player or Rhythmbox.
The terminal is a window which helps you to interact with the shell.
To open the terminal use:
shift+contrl+T
(Here + means along with)
When you open the terminal, you will be in the Home folder.
To see the contents of the Home (or any folder on which you stay at present) folder:
"ls"
Note the style difference between file names and directory names on typing this command. Directory will be usually displayed in bold letters.
If you want to go inside a directory say, Documents:
"cd Documents"
(Here directory name is the name of the directory to which you want to go).
The path to a particular folder:
Suppose you want to go to a folder named "one" which sits inside a folder "two three" in the Documents folder [Documents - two three - one] use:
"cd /Documents/two \three/one"
Note: Note that names are case sensitive and splitted names have to be separated by spaces and "\" as in two \three
Now also you can type "ls" command to show what is inside the directory. The same thing can be done from Home itself, but you need to specify the path. That is
"ls /Desktop/Books"
will list the contents of the folder Books in the Desktop directory even when you stay at the Home.
Now if you want to come back slowly to Home folder you can consecutively use
"cd .."
which takes you one step back nearing to the home directory. or you can use
"cd"
or
"cd ~"
will take you to directly to the home directory.
Some variations:
"ls -a" will display hidden files also, inside the current directory.
"ls -l" will display all details like ownership, time of creation, size and all..
"file kpsc" will display the type of file of the kpsc file, i.e., pdf or zip etc..
To display the contents of files which can be opened as text files (pdf, word etc)
"less file_name"
A lot of contents will be displayed. so if you want to exit from being a viewer of the whole story, type "q"; Note that pageup, pagedown can be used to scroll.. "G" to go to end of the line.
To Open Various Types of Files
As we open files by double clicking (that asks the computer to use the default application to open the file), one can use:
"xdg-open file_name"
or
"gnome-open file_name"
To open "gmail" in a web browser "firefox":
"firefox gmail.com"
will open gmail using firefox. if firefox is already open, a new window will be opened in firefox.
To open pictures
"display pic.png"
or
"eog pic.png"
will open the file pic.png using ImageMagic or Image Viewer software, respectively.
To open pdf files:
"evince file.pdf"
or
"okular file.pdf"
will open the file.pdf using Document Viewer or Okular, if installed. (otherwise it will say that the program is not installed).
To open audio files,
"mpg123 file.mp3"
or
"rhythmbox file.mp3"
will play the audio file file.mp3 using mpg player or Rhythmbox.